Day 1 - Afternoon - Topic 1 Overview

UNDERSTANDINGS:

Expansion had dynamic results including conflict, cultural assimilation, adaptation, and changes in social roles.

In a representative government, groups and individuals are empowered to affect change at the local, state, and national level.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:

Why is it important to examine all sides of an issue? What must be considered when proposing solutions to a problem?

What impact can an individual have on society?

How did private citizens and interest groups effectively address issues and problems of the era?

What opportunities and problems arise when countries expand? (social, political, and economic)

Thomas provides contextual background

We create a Connect and Wonder activity

• Give them a bunch of documents (Images can be found in a Prezi presentation here: http://prezi.com/99054/)
  • A map of Lewis and Clark's track across the western portion of North America, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean – Shows Survey of Native Peoples
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g4126s+ct000763)) 
  • President Andrew Jackson Indian Removal Policy as outlined in his 2nd annual message to Congress
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llrd&fileName=010/llrd010.db&recNum=438
  • Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784-1894 (LOC special presentation)
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g3701em+gct00002))
  • Map showing the lands assigned to emigrant Indians west of Arkansas and Missouri
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g4051e+mf000044))
  • Texas maps showing OK -- New York : G.W & C.B. Colton & Co., 1872
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g4030+ct000557))
  • Cherokee Nation Denied Foreign Nation Status by US Supreme Court – 1831
    • http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr050.html
  • Indian Removal bill as amended by Theodore Frelinghuysen
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsb&fileName=011/llsb011.db&recNum=223
  • Voices of opposition to Indian Removal - Members of Congress Edward Everett and Peleg Sprague
    • http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/teachers/lesson5-groupb.html
  • Voices in Support of Indian Removal - Report of the Committee on Indian Affairs and Robert Adams
    • http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llrd&fileName=010/llrd010.db&recNum=438

They conduct an investigation on their own

• We provide task sheet
• They produce a flowchart of events 
  • How do these things fit together and what's the big story?
• They produce a web of different perspectives of the Indian removal
  • treaty party vs. anti-treaty party
  • missionaries and President

Focus on Indian Removal and then Aftermath

• Cherokee Economic Success:

  • Cherokee Phoenix – August 12, 1829 – Talks about the current state of Cherokee – prosperity, daily life, slave holding, and relationship with US gov.
    • http://www.wcu.edu/library/cherokeePhoenix/Vol2/no19/pg1.htm
    • http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr125.htm
    • http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix/
• Cherokee economic success
  • Cherokee Census of 1835 (Perdue, Theda. The Cherokee removal : a brief history with documents. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995.  pp. 52-57.) 
    • Cherokee_Census_1835.pdf
  • Cherokee Phoenix – August 12, 1829 – Talks about the current state of Cherokee – prosperity, daily life, slave holding, and relationship with US gov. http://www.wcu.edu/library/cherokeePhoenix/Vol2/no19/pg1.htm
  • http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr125.htm
  • http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix/
• The Cherokee Constitution of 1827 – Early copy from the Tennessee State Library and Archives
  • http://tsla-teva.state.tn.us/landmarkdocs/files/135.php
• Degree of division provoked within Cherokees
  • • treaty party vs. anti-treaty party
      • Elias Boudinot – editor of the Phoenix
        • Editorial in the Phoenix 6-17-1829, 1-8-1831, 2-19-1831, and 11-12-1831. (Perdue, Theda. The Cherokee removal : a brief history with documents. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995.  PP. 130-137)
          • Elias_Boudinot_Editorials_Phoenix.pdf
             
        • Letters and other paper relating to Cherokee Affairs: Being a Reply to Sundry Publication by John Ross 1837 (Perdue, Theda. The Cherokee removal : a brief history with documents. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995.  PP. 153-159)
          • Elias_Boudinot_Letters_and_other_Papers.pdf
             
      • Principal Chief John Ross (anti-treaty)
        • John Ross, a Cherokee chief http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a15197))+@field(COLLID+pga))
        • John Ross, full length portrait, facing front standing next to a small table http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3g11120))+@field(COLLID+dag))
        • Letter in answer to inquiries from a friend (July 2, 1836) 
          • http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/zlna/id:pam017
  • Georgia Gold Rush (1820 -1850) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush
  • Evidence of encroachment from the Cherokee Phoenix Wednesday, May 27th, 1829: http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix/Vol2/no08/pg2col4.htm

  •  

    Petitions of Cherokee women opposing removal (Perdue, Theda. The Cherokee removal : a brief history with documents. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1995.  PP. 125-129

    cherokee_women.pdf

Ongoing conflict - several treaties - calm until 1820s - Jackson comes into office - federal government give into State pressure to remove Indians from land - creates an impossible situation for the Cherokees - no protection for them - Georgia Supreme Court cases - 1836 Treaty of Newachoata - Cherokees reacted in different ways (Carolinas) - with treaty they need to leave - stopped with Indian New Deal in 1930s - ongoing issues about Reservations

Additional Resources:

• Accounts of Georgia settlers

• Jackson

  • Did Andrew Jackson Adopt an Indian Child?
    • Lyncoya Jackson -  “On the frontier battlefield, Andrew Jackson found a young Indian boy whose parents had been killed, and had the child delivered to his home, where he was named Lyncoya and raised as a son.” http://www.nndb.com/people/855/000126477/

  • Battle of Horse Shoe Bend

  • Defeat of the Red Stick, etc. 

• The learning page Native American Resources: http://memory.loc.gov/learn/community/cc_nativeamerican.php